A INTEGRAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E A PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE TERMOPLÁSTICOS VULCANIZADOS A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS DE PNEUS
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES FROM TIRE WASTEDEVELOPMENT OF THEMOPLASTIC VULCANIZES FROM WASTE TIRE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v30i68.4512
Resumo
Este estudo aborda a utilização sustentável de resíduos sólidos, com adição de pó de pneu no Polietileno para produzir Termoplásticos Vulcanizados (TPVs). A técnica de compatibilização não reativa mostrou melhorias no módulo elástico do PEBD. As amostras compatibilizadas com EVA apresentaram menor variação no envelhecimento, e maior resistência ao impacto quando combinadas com SBR. Os resultados mostram a influência da massa molar no escoamento dos polímeros. O estudo contribui para o desenvolvimento de TPVs sustentáveis e melhoria nas propriedades físico-mecânicas. A iniciação científica em TPV proporcionou aos alunos habilidades investigativas e científicas, preparando-os para enfrentar desafios no separador mercado de trabalho
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Referências
Agrawal, P., Silva, M. H. A., Cavalcanti, S. N., Freitas, D. M. G., Araújo, J. P., Oliveira, A. D. B., & Mélo, T. J. A. (2022). Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polymer Bulletin, 79(4), 2321–2343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8
American society for testing and materials D256-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D638-14 )2014).0 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D1238-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by extrusion Plastometer. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D2240-15 (2015). Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
Ahmad, H. M., Kamal, M. S., & Al-Harthi, M. A. (2018). Rheological and filtration properties of clay-polymer systems: Impact of polymer structure. Applied Clay Science, 160, 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.016
Alcântara, S. P., Sirqueira, A. S., Santos, T. A., & Naccache, M. F. (2020). In Situ Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Macromolecular Symposia, 394(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202000032
Bouchart, V., Bhatnagar, N., Brieu, M., Ghosh, A. K., & Kondo, D. (2008). Study of EPDM/PP polymeric blends: mechanical behavior and effects of compatibilization. Comptes Rendus - Mecanique, 336(9), 714–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2008.06.004
Brown, Morton B.; Forsythe, Alan B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346): 364–367. https://doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10482955
Carvalho, A. P. A., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2016). Effect of compatibilization in situ on PA/SEBS blends. Polimeros, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2195
Cossa, M. M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2009). Development of thermoplastic elastomers vulcanized (TPV) with polypropylene waste tire. I - Factorial design experiments. Polimeros, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282009000300006
Kort, G. W., Saidi, S., Hermida-Merino, D., Leone, N., Srinivas, V., Rastogi, S., & Wilsens, C. H. R. M. (2020). Importance of viscosity control for recyclable reinforced thermoplastic composites. Macromolecules, 53(15), 6690–6702. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02689
Favakeh, M., Bazgir, S., & Karbasi, M. (2020). Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on linear low-density polyethylene/styrene-butadiene rubber/nanoclay/bitumen: morphology and rheological behavior. Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), 29(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00786-9
Ferreira, K. R. M., Leite, I. F., Siqueira, A. D. S., Raposo, C. M. O., Carvalho, L. H., & Silva, S. M. L. (2011). The use of an organoclay on the compatibilization of PP/EPDM blends. Polimeros, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000072
France, A. P. (2021, June 10). Pandemia provocou leve queda na produção mundial de plástico, a 3a desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O Globo. https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2021/06/10/pandemia-provocou-leve-queda-na-producao-mundial-de-plastico-a-3a-desde-a-segunda-guerra-mundial.ghtml
Ghahramani, N., Iyer, K. A., Doufas, A. K., & Hatzikiriakos, S. G. (2020). Rheology of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Journal of Rheology, 64(6), 1325–1341. https://doi.org/10.1122/8.0000108
González, J., Rosales, C., González, M., León, N., Escalona, R., & Rojas, H. (2017). Rheological and mechanical properties of blends of LDPE with high contents of UHMWPE wastes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134(26). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44996
Gouveia, N. (2012). Resíduos sólidos urbanos: impactos socioambientais e perspectiva de manejo sustentável com inclusão social. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 17(6), 1503–1510.
Innes, J. R., Shriky, B., Nocita, D., Thompson, G., Coates, P., Whiteside, B., Kelly, A., & Hebda, M. (2023). Development of thermoplastic vulcanizates based on polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer for prototyping by Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymer, 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125839
Kassa, H. G., Stuyver, J., Bons, A. J., Haviland, D. B., Thorén, P. A., Borgani, R., Forchheimer, D., & Leclère, P. (2018). Nano-mechanical properties of interphases in dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic alloy. Polymer, 135, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.072
Khunprasert, S., Thongyai, S., Chinsirikul, W., & Wacharawichanant, S. (2009). Effect of low-molar-mass liquid crystal on the melt processing conditions of polycarbonate using single screw extruder. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(2), 752–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29873
Ma, P., Xu, P., Zhai, Y., Dong, W., Zhang, Y., & Chen, M. (2015). Biobased Poly(lactide)/ethylene-co-vinyl Acetate Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: Morphology Evolution, Superior Properties, and Partial Degradability. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 3(9), 2211–2219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00462
Magioli, M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2010). The effect of dynamic vulcanization on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical and fatigue properties of TPV based on polypropylene and ground tire rubber. Polymer Testing, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.07.008
Ning, N., Li, S., Wu, H., Tian, H., Yao, P., HU, G. H., Tian, M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Preparation, microstructure, and microstructure-properties relationship of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs): A review. In Progress in Polymer Science 79, pp. 61–97. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.003
Ning, N., Li, X., Tian, H., Hua, Y., Zuo, H., Yao, P., Zhang, L., Wu, Y., Hu, G. H., & Tian, M. (2017). Unique microstructure of an oil resistant nitrile butadiene rubber/polypropylene dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer. RSC Advances, 7(9), 5451–5458. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24891h
Paran, S. M. R., Naderi, G., Ghoreishy, M. H. R., & Heydari, A. (2018). Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of compatibilized graphene reinforced dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizates based on polyethylene and reclaimed rubber. Composites Science and Technology, 161, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.04.006
Pereira, E. C. L., Soares, B. G., Jesus, R. B., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2018). DGEBA-Based Epoxy Resin as Compatibilizer for Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. Macromolecular Symposia, 381(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201800133
Ponsard-Fillette, M., Barrès, C., & Cassagnau, P. (2005). Viscoelastic study of oil diffusion in molten PP and EPDM copolymer. Polymer, 46(23), 10256–10268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.015
Rogulska, M. (2018). Transparent sulfur-containing thermoplastic polyurethanes with polyether and polycarbonate soft segments. Polymer Bulletin, 75(3), 1211–1235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2088-x
Ruiz, B. A., Cintho, O. M., & Sowek, A. B. (2020). Caracterização de misturas de peuamm com resíduo de pneu obtidos através de moagem de alta energia. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(3), 9746–9759. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n3-013
Santos, E. S., Cristina, A., & Brêtas, P. (2013). Ensinando e aprendendo educação ambiental com jovens. Revista Ciência Em Extensão, 9(3), 82–93.
Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(4), 591-611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2333709
Scares, B. G., Almeida, M. S. M., Leyva, M. E., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2006). Mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/nitrile butadiene rubber compatibilized vulcanizates. KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 59(3).
Silva, J. B. da, Pereira, I. N. A., & Pinheiro, É. C. N. M. (2021). Análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização de resíduos de borracha de pneus em pavimentos asfálticos / Analysis of the technical feasibility of using waste tire rubber in asphalt sidewalks. Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(11), 108529–108544. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-467
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Fiore, C. A. G. (2022). Resíduo de pneus inservíveis na composição da massa asfáltica. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(10), 68538–68548. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-230
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Santos, M. C. C. (2023). Escolaridade e educação ambiental na região da extrema zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Sociedade e Tecnologia, 19, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.3895/rts.v19n55.15109
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Soares, B. G., De Oliveira, M., Meireles, D., Sirqueira, A. S., & Mauler, R. S. (2008). Dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/nitrile rubber blends: The effect of peroxide/bis-maleimide curing system and different compatibilizing systems. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.28946
Soares, B. G., Freitas, J. B., Silva, A. A., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2019). Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/carboxylated nitrile rubber blends. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 92(3). https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.81480
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Soares, B. G., Sirqueira, A. S., Oliveira, M. G., & Almeida, M. S. M. (2002b). The reactive compatibilization of EPDM-based elastomer blends. KGK-Kautschuk Und Gummi Kunststoffe, 55(9).
Song, L. F., Bai, N., Shi, Y., Wang, Y. X., Song, L. X., & Liu, L. Z. (2023). Effects of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomers (EPDMs) with Different Moony Viscosity on Crystallization Behavior, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs). Polymers, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030642
Stadler, F. J., Kaschta, J., Münstedt, H., Becker, F., & Buback, M. (2009). Influence of molar mass distribution and long-chain branching on strain hardening of low density polyethylene. Rheologica Acta, 48(5), 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-008-0334-8
Teixeira, T. S., Marques, É. A., & Pereira, J. R. (2017). Educação ambiental em escolas públicas: caminho para adultos mais conscientes. Revista Ciência em Extensão, 13(1), 64-71. https://ojs.unesp.br/index.php/revista_proex/article/view/1370
Tian, M., Han, J., Wu, H., Tian, H., She, Q., Chen, W., & Zhang, L. (2012). Effect of the compatibility on the morphology and properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(3), 1999–2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.35222
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2024-12-11
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Gonçalves, F. M., Machado, A. R., & Sirqueira, A. da S. (2024). A INTEGRAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E A PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE TERMOPLÁSTICOS VULCANIZADOS A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS DE PNEUS. Revista Univap, 30(68). https://doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v30i68.4512
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v30i68.4512Resumo
Este estudo aborda a utilização sustentável de resíduos sólidos, com adição de pó de pneu no Polietileno para produzir Termoplásticos Vulcanizados (TPVs). A técnica de compatibilização não reativa mostrou melhorias no módulo elástico do PEBD. As amostras compatibilizadas com EVA apresentaram menor variação no envelhecimento, e maior resistência ao impacto quando combinadas com SBR. Os resultados mostram a influência da massa molar no escoamento dos polímeros. O estudo contribui para o desenvolvimento de TPVs sustentáveis e melhoria nas propriedades físico-mecânicas. A iniciação científica em TPV proporcionou aos alunos habilidades investigativas e científicas, preparando-os para enfrentar desafios no separador mercado de trabalho
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Referências
Agrawal, P., Silva, M. H. A., Cavalcanti, S. N., Freitas, D. M. G., Araújo, J. P., Oliveira, A. D. B., & Mélo, T. J. A. (2022). Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polymer Bulletin, 79(4), 2321–2343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8
American society for testing and materials D256-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D638-14 )2014).0 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D1238-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by extrusion Plastometer. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D2240-15 (2015). Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
Ahmad, H. M., Kamal, M. S., & Al-Harthi, M. A. (2018). Rheological and filtration properties of clay-polymer systems: Impact of polymer structure. Applied Clay Science, 160, 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.016
Alcântara, S. P., Sirqueira, A. S., Santos, T. A., & Naccache, M. F. (2020). In Situ Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Macromolecular Symposia, 394(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202000032
Bouchart, V., Bhatnagar, N., Brieu, M., Ghosh, A. K., & Kondo, D. (2008). Study of EPDM/PP polymeric blends: mechanical behavior and effects of compatibilization. Comptes Rendus - Mecanique, 336(9), 714–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2008.06.004
Brown, Morton B.; Forsythe, Alan B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346): 364–367. https://doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10482955
Carvalho, A. P. A., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2016). Effect of compatibilization in situ on PA/SEBS blends. Polimeros, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2195
Cossa, M. M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2009). Development of thermoplastic elastomers vulcanized (TPV) with polypropylene waste tire. I - Factorial design experiments. Polimeros, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282009000300006
Kort, G. W., Saidi, S., Hermida-Merino, D., Leone, N., Srinivas, V., Rastogi, S., & Wilsens, C. H. R. M. (2020). Importance of viscosity control for recyclable reinforced thermoplastic composites. Macromolecules, 53(15), 6690–6702. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02689
Favakeh, M., Bazgir, S., & Karbasi, M. (2020). Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on linear low-density polyethylene/styrene-butadiene rubber/nanoclay/bitumen: morphology and rheological behavior. Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), 29(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00786-9
Ferreira, K. R. M., Leite, I. F., Siqueira, A. D. S., Raposo, C. M. O., Carvalho, L. H., & Silva, S. M. L. (2011). The use of an organoclay on the compatibilization of PP/EPDM blends. Polimeros, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000072
France, A. P. (2021, June 10). Pandemia provocou leve queda na produção mundial de plástico, a 3a desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O Globo. https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2021/06/10/pandemia-provocou-leve-queda-na-producao-mundial-de-plastico-a-3a-desde-a-segunda-guerra-mundial.ghtml
Ghahramani, N., Iyer, K. A., Doufas, A. K., & Hatzikiriakos, S. G. (2020). Rheology of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Journal of Rheology, 64(6), 1325–1341. https://doi.org/10.1122/8.0000108
González, J., Rosales, C., González, M., León, N., Escalona, R., & Rojas, H. (2017). Rheological and mechanical properties of blends of LDPE with high contents of UHMWPE wastes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134(26). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44996
Gouveia, N. (2012). Resíduos sólidos urbanos: impactos socioambientais e perspectiva de manejo sustentável com inclusão social. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 17(6), 1503–1510.
Innes, J. R., Shriky, B., Nocita, D., Thompson, G., Coates, P., Whiteside, B., Kelly, A., & Hebda, M. (2023). Development of thermoplastic vulcanizates based on polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer for prototyping by Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymer, 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125839
Kassa, H. G., Stuyver, J., Bons, A. J., Haviland, D. B., Thorén, P. A., Borgani, R., Forchheimer, D., & Leclère, P. (2018). Nano-mechanical properties of interphases in dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic alloy. Polymer, 135, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.072
Khunprasert, S., Thongyai, S., Chinsirikul, W., & Wacharawichanant, S. (2009). Effect of low-molar-mass liquid crystal on the melt processing conditions of polycarbonate using single screw extruder. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(2), 752–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29873
Ma, P., Xu, P., Zhai, Y., Dong, W., Zhang, Y., & Chen, M. (2015). Biobased Poly(lactide)/ethylene-co-vinyl Acetate Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: Morphology Evolution, Superior Properties, and Partial Degradability. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 3(9), 2211–2219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00462
Magioli, M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2010). The effect of dynamic vulcanization on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical and fatigue properties of TPV based on polypropylene and ground tire rubber. Polymer Testing, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.07.008
Ning, N., Li, S., Wu, H., Tian, H., Yao, P., HU, G. H., Tian, M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Preparation, microstructure, and microstructure-properties relationship of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs): A review. In Progress in Polymer Science 79, pp. 61–97. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.003
Ning, N., Li, X., Tian, H., Hua, Y., Zuo, H., Yao, P., Zhang, L., Wu, Y., Hu, G. H., & Tian, M. (2017). Unique microstructure of an oil resistant nitrile butadiene rubber/polypropylene dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer. RSC Advances, 7(9), 5451–5458. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24891h
Paran, S. M. R., Naderi, G., Ghoreishy, M. H. R., & Heydari, A. (2018). Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of compatibilized graphene reinforced dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizates based on polyethylene and reclaimed rubber. Composites Science and Technology, 161, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.04.006
Pereira, E. C. L., Soares, B. G., Jesus, R. B., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2018). DGEBA-Based Epoxy Resin as Compatibilizer for Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. Macromolecular Symposia, 381(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201800133
Ponsard-Fillette, M., Barrès, C., & Cassagnau, P. (2005). Viscoelastic study of oil diffusion in molten PP and EPDM copolymer. Polymer, 46(23), 10256–10268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.015
Rogulska, M. (2018). Transparent sulfur-containing thermoplastic polyurethanes with polyether and polycarbonate soft segments. Polymer Bulletin, 75(3), 1211–1235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2088-x
Ruiz, B. A., Cintho, O. M., & Sowek, A. B. (2020). Caracterização de misturas de peuamm com resíduo de pneu obtidos através de moagem de alta energia. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(3), 9746–9759. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n3-013
Santos, E. S., Cristina, A., & Brêtas, P. (2013). Ensinando e aprendendo educação ambiental com jovens. Revista Ciência Em Extensão, 9(3), 82–93.
Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(4), 591-611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2333709
Scares, B. G., Almeida, M. S. M., Leyva, M. E., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2006). Mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/nitrile butadiene rubber compatibilized vulcanizates. KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 59(3).
Silva, J. B. da, Pereira, I. N. A., & Pinheiro, É. C. N. M. (2021). Análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização de resíduos de borracha de pneus em pavimentos asfálticos / Analysis of the technical feasibility of using waste tire rubber in asphalt sidewalks. Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(11), 108529–108544. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-467
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Fiore, C. A. G. (2022). Resíduo de pneus inservíveis na composição da massa asfáltica. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(10), 68538–68548. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-230
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