A INTEGRAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E A PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE TERMOPLÁSTICOS VULCANIZADOS A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS DE PNEUS
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES FROM TIRE WASTEDEVELOPMENT OF THEMOPLASTIC VULCANIZES FROM WASTE TIRE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v30i68.4512
Abstract
This study addresses the sustainable use of solid waste by adding tire powder to Polyethylene to produce Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs). The non-reactive compatibilization technique improved the elastic modulus of LDPE. EVA-compatibilized samples showed less aging variation and higher impact resistance when combined with SBR. The results demonstrate the influence of molar mass on polymer flow behavior. The study contributes to the development of sustainable TPVs and improvements in physical-mechanical properties. The scientific initiation in TPV provided students with investigative and scientific skills, preparing them to face challenges in the job market
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References
Agrawal, P., Silva, M. H. A., Cavalcanti, S. N., Freitas, D. M. G., Araújo, J. P., Oliveira, A. D. B., & Mélo, T. J. A. (2022). Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polymer Bulletin, 79(4), 2321–2343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8
American society for testing and materials D256-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D638-14 )2014).0 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D1238-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by extrusion Plastometer. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D2240-15 (2015). Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
Ahmad, H. M., Kamal, M. S., & Al-Harthi, M. A. (2018). Rheological and filtration properties of clay-polymer systems: Impact of polymer structure. Applied Clay Science, 160, 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.016
Alcântara, S. P., Sirqueira, A. S., Santos, T. A., & Naccache, M. F. (2020). In Situ Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Macromolecular Symposia, 394(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202000032
Bouchart, V., Bhatnagar, N., Brieu, M., Ghosh, A. K., & Kondo, D. (2008). Study of EPDM/PP polymeric blends: mechanical behavior and effects of compatibilization. Comptes Rendus - Mecanique, 336(9), 714–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2008.06.004
Brown, Morton B.; Forsythe, Alan B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346): 364–367. https://doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10482955
Carvalho, A. P. A., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2016). Effect of compatibilization in situ on PA/SEBS blends. Polimeros, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2195
Cossa, M. M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2009). Development of thermoplastic elastomers vulcanized (TPV) with polypropylene waste tire. I - Factorial design experiments. Polimeros, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282009000300006
Kort, G. W., Saidi, S., Hermida-Merino, D., Leone, N., Srinivas, V., Rastogi, S., & Wilsens, C. H. R. M. (2020). Importance of viscosity control for recyclable reinforced thermoplastic composites. Macromolecules, 53(15), 6690–6702. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02689
Favakeh, M., Bazgir, S., & Karbasi, M. (2020). Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on linear low-density polyethylene/styrene-butadiene rubber/nanoclay/bitumen: morphology and rheological behavior. Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), 29(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00786-9
Ferreira, K. R. M., Leite, I. F., Siqueira, A. D. S., Raposo, C. M. O., Carvalho, L. H., & Silva, S. M. L. (2011). The use of an organoclay on the compatibilization of PP/EPDM blends. Polimeros, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000072
France, A. P. (2021, June 10). Pandemia provocou leve queda na produção mundial de plástico, a 3a desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O Globo. https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2021/06/10/pandemia-provocou-leve-queda-na-producao-mundial-de-plastico-a-3a-desde-a-segunda-guerra-mundial.ghtml
Ghahramani, N., Iyer, K. A., Doufas, A. K., & Hatzikiriakos, S. G. (2020). Rheology of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Journal of Rheology, 64(6), 1325–1341. https://doi.org/10.1122/8.0000108
González, J., Rosales, C., González, M., León, N., Escalona, R., & Rojas, H. (2017). Rheological and mechanical properties of blends of LDPE with high contents of UHMWPE wastes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134(26). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44996
Gouveia, N. (2012). Resíduos sólidos urbanos: impactos socioambientais e perspectiva de manejo sustentável com inclusão social. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 17(6), 1503–1510.
Innes, J. R., Shriky, B., Nocita, D., Thompson, G., Coates, P., Whiteside, B., Kelly, A., & Hebda, M. (2023). Development of thermoplastic vulcanizates based on polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer for prototyping by Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymer, 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125839
Kassa, H. G., Stuyver, J., Bons, A. J., Haviland, D. B., Thorén, P. A., Borgani, R., Forchheimer, D., & Leclère, P. (2018). Nano-mechanical properties of interphases in dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic alloy. Polymer, 135, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.072
Khunprasert, S., Thongyai, S., Chinsirikul, W., & Wacharawichanant, S. (2009). Effect of low-molar-mass liquid crystal on the melt processing conditions of polycarbonate using single screw extruder. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(2), 752–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29873
Ma, P., Xu, P., Zhai, Y., Dong, W., Zhang, Y., & Chen, M. (2015). Biobased Poly(lactide)/ethylene-co-vinyl Acetate Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: Morphology Evolution, Superior Properties, and Partial Degradability. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 3(9), 2211–2219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00462
Magioli, M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2010). The effect of dynamic vulcanization on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical and fatigue properties of TPV based on polypropylene and ground tire rubber. Polymer Testing, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.07.008
Ning, N., Li, S., Wu, H., Tian, H., Yao, P., HU, G. H., Tian, M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Preparation, microstructure, and microstructure-properties relationship of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs): A review. In Progress in Polymer Science 79, pp. 61–97. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.003
Ning, N., Li, X., Tian, H., Hua, Y., Zuo, H., Yao, P., Zhang, L., Wu, Y., Hu, G. H., & Tian, M. (2017). Unique microstructure of an oil resistant nitrile butadiene rubber/polypropylene dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer. RSC Advances, 7(9), 5451–5458. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24891h
Paran, S. M. R., Naderi, G., Ghoreishy, M. H. R., & Heydari, A. (2018). Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of compatibilized graphene reinforced dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizates based on polyethylene and reclaimed rubber. Composites Science and Technology, 161, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.04.006
Pereira, E. C. L., Soares, B. G., Jesus, R. B., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2018). DGEBA-Based Epoxy Resin as Compatibilizer for Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. Macromolecular Symposia, 381(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201800133
Ponsard-Fillette, M., Barrès, C., & Cassagnau, P. (2005). Viscoelastic study of oil diffusion in molten PP and EPDM copolymer. Polymer, 46(23), 10256–10268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.015
Rogulska, M. (2018). Transparent sulfur-containing thermoplastic polyurethanes with polyether and polycarbonate soft segments. Polymer Bulletin, 75(3), 1211–1235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2088-x
Ruiz, B. A., Cintho, O. M., & Sowek, A. B. (2020). Caracterização de misturas de peuamm com resíduo de pneu obtidos através de moagem de alta energia. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(3), 9746–9759. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n3-013
Santos, E. S., Cristina, A., & Brêtas, P. (2013). Ensinando e aprendendo educação ambiental com jovens. Revista Ciência Em Extensão, 9(3), 82–93.
Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(4), 591-611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2333709
Scares, B. G., Almeida, M. S. M., Leyva, M. E., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2006). Mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/nitrile butadiene rubber compatibilized vulcanizates. KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 59(3).
Silva, J. B. da, Pereira, I. N. A., & Pinheiro, É. C. N. M. (2021). Análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização de resíduos de borracha de pneus em pavimentos asfálticos / Analysis of the technical feasibility of using waste tire rubber in asphalt sidewalks. Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(11), 108529–108544. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-467
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Fiore, C. A. G. (2022). Resíduo de pneus inservíveis na composição da massa asfáltica. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(10), 68538–68548. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-230
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Santos, M. C. C. (2023). Escolaridade e educação ambiental na região da extrema zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Sociedade e Tecnologia, 19, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.3895/rts.v19n55.15109
Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2002). Mercapto-modified copolymers in elastomer blends. IV. The compatibilization of natural rubber/EPDM blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 83(13). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10283
Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2007). Compatibilization of natural rubber/EPDM blends by anhydride- and mercapto-functionalized copolymers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 46 B(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00222340701386569
Soares, B. G., De Oliveira, M., Meireles, D., Sirqueira, A. S., & Mauler, R. S. (2008). Dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/nitrile rubber blends: The effect of peroxide/bis-maleimide curing system and different compatibilizing systems. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.28946
Soares, B. G., Freitas, J. B., Silva, A. A., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2019). Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/carboxylated nitrile rubber blends. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 92(3). https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.81480
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Yao, P., Wu, H., Ning, N., Zhang, L., Tian, H., Wu, Y., Hu, G., Chan, T. W., & Tian, M. (2016). Properties and unique morphological evolution of dynamically vulcanized bromo-isobutylene-isoprene rubber/polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer. RSC Advances, 6(14), 11151–11160. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26171f
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2024-12-11
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Gonçalves, F. M., Machado, A. R., & Sirqueira, A. da S. (2024). INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES FROM TIRE WASTEDEVELOPMENT OF THEMOPLASTIC VULCANIZES FROM WASTE TIRE. Revista Univap, 30(68). https://doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v30i68.4512
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18066/revistaunivap.v30i68.4512Abstract
This study addresses the sustainable use of solid waste by adding tire powder to Polyethylene to produce Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs). The non-reactive compatibilization technique improved the elastic modulus of LDPE. EVA-compatibilized samples showed less aging variation and higher impact resistance when combined with SBR. The results demonstrate the influence of molar mass on polymer flow behavior. The study contributes to the development of sustainable TPVs and improvements in physical-mechanical properties. The scientific initiation in TPV provided students with investigative and scientific skills, preparing them to face challenges in the job market
Downloads
References
Agrawal, P., Silva, M. H. A., Cavalcanti, S. N., Freitas, D. M. G., Araújo, J. P., Oliveira, A. D. B., & Mélo, T. J. A. (2022). Rheological properties of high-density polyethylene/linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene blends. Polymer Bulletin, 79(4), 2321–2343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03635-8
American society for testing and materials D256-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D638-14 )2014).0 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D1238-14 (2014). Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by extrusion Plastometer. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
American society for testing and materials D2240-15 (2015). Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness. West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM International.
Ahmad, H. M., Kamal, M. S., & Al-Harthi, M. A. (2018). Rheological and filtration properties of clay-polymer systems: Impact of polymer structure. Applied Clay Science, 160, 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.016
Alcântara, S. P., Sirqueira, A. S., Santos, T. A., & Naccache, M. F. (2020). In Situ Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Macromolecular Symposia, 394(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202000032
Bouchart, V., Bhatnagar, N., Brieu, M., Ghosh, A. K., & Kondo, D. (2008). Study of EPDM/PP polymeric blends: mechanical behavior and effects of compatibilization. Comptes Rendus - Mecanique, 336(9), 714–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2008.06.004
Brown, Morton B.; Forsythe, Alan B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346): 364–367. https://doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10482955
Carvalho, A. P. A., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2016). Effect of compatibilization in situ on PA/SEBS blends. Polimeros, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2195
Cossa, M. M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2009). Development of thermoplastic elastomers vulcanized (TPV) with polypropylene waste tire. I - Factorial design experiments. Polimeros, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282009000300006
Kort, G. W., Saidi, S., Hermida-Merino, D., Leone, N., Srinivas, V., Rastogi, S., & Wilsens, C. H. R. M. (2020). Importance of viscosity control for recyclable reinforced thermoplastic composites. Macromolecules, 53(15), 6690–6702. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02689
Favakeh, M., Bazgir, S., & Karbasi, M. (2020). Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on linear low-density polyethylene/styrene-butadiene rubber/nanoclay/bitumen: morphology and rheological behavior. Iranian Polymer Journal (English Edition), 29(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00786-9
Ferreira, K. R. M., Leite, I. F., Siqueira, A. D. S., Raposo, C. M. O., Carvalho, L. H., & Silva, S. M. L. (2011). The use of an organoclay on the compatibilization of PP/EPDM blends. Polimeros, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282011005000072
France, A. P. (2021, June 10). Pandemia provocou leve queda na produção mundial de plástico, a 3a desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O Globo. https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2021/06/10/pandemia-provocou-leve-queda-na-producao-mundial-de-plastico-a-3a-desde-a-segunda-guerra-mundial.ghtml
Ghahramani, N., Iyer, K. A., Doufas, A. K., & Hatzikiriakos, S. G. (2020). Rheology of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Journal of Rheology, 64(6), 1325–1341. https://doi.org/10.1122/8.0000108
González, J., Rosales, C., González, M., León, N., Escalona, R., & Rojas, H. (2017). Rheological and mechanical properties of blends of LDPE with high contents of UHMWPE wastes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134(26). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44996
Gouveia, N. (2012). Resíduos sólidos urbanos: impactos socioambientais e perspectiva de manejo sustentável com inclusão social. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 17(6), 1503–1510.
Innes, J. R., Shriky, B., Nocita, D., Thompson, G., Coates, P., Whiteside, B., Kelly, A., & Hebda, M. (2023). Development of thermoplastic vulcanizates based on polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer for prototyping by Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymer, 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125839
Kassa, H. G., Stuyver, J., Bons, A. J., Haviland, D. B., Thorén, P. A., Borgani, R., Forchheimer, D., & Leclère, P. (2018). Nano-mechanical properties of interphases in dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic alloy. Polymer, 135, 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.072
Khunprasert, S., Thongyai, S., Chinsirikul, W., & Wacharawichanant, S. (2009). Effect of low-molar-mass liquid crystal on the melt processing conditions of polycarbonate using single screw extruder. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 113(2), 752–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29873
Ma, P., Xu, P., Zhai, Y., Dong, W., Zhang, Y., & Chen, M. (2015). Biobased Poly(lactide)/ethylene-co-vinyl Acetate Thermoplastic Vulcanizates: Morphology Evolution, Superior Properties, and Partial Degradability. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 3(9), 2211–2219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00462
Magioli, M., Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2010). The effect of dynamic vulcanization on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical and fatigue properties of TPV based on polypropylene and ground tire rubber. Polymer Testing, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.07.008
Ning, N., Li, S., Wu, H., Tian, H., Yao, P., HU, G. H., Tian, M., & Zhang, L. (2018). Preparation, microstructure, and microstructure-properties relationship of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs): A review. In Progress in Polymer Science 79, pp. 61–97. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.003
Ning, N., Li, X., Tian, H., Hua, Y., Zuo, H., Yao, P., Zhang, L., Wu, Y., Hu, G. H., & Tian, M. (2017). Unique microstructure of an oil resistant nitrile butadiene rubber/polypropylene dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer. RSC Advances, 7(9), 5451–5458. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24891h
Paran, S. M. R., Naderi, G., Ghoreishy, M. H. R., & Heydari, A. (2018). Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of compatibilized graphene reinforced dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizates based on polyethylene and reclaimed rubber. Composites Science and Technology, 161, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.04.006
Pereira, E. C. L., Soares, B. G., Jesus, R. B., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2018). DGEBA-Based Epoxy Resin as Compatibilizer for Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. Macromolecular Symposia, 381(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201800133
Ponsard-Fillette, M., Barrès, C., & Cassagnau, P. (2005). Viscoelastic study of oil diffusion in molten PP and EPDM copolymer. Polymer, 46(23), 10256–10268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.015
Rogulska, M. (2018). Transparent sulfur-containing thermoplastic polyurethanes with polyether and polycarbonate soft segments. Polymer Bulletin, 75(3), 1211–1235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2088-x
Ruiz, B. A., Cintho, O. M., & Sowek, A. B. (2020). Caracterização de misturas de peuamm com resíduo de pneu obtidos através de moagem de alta energia. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(3), 9746–9759. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n3-013
Santos, E. S., Cristina, A., & Brêtas, P. (2013). Ensinando e aprendendo educação ambiental com jovens. Revista Ciência Em Extensão, 9(3), 82–93.
Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(4), 591-611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2333709
Scares, B. G., Almeida, M. S. M., Leyva, M. E., & Sirqueira, A. S. (2006). Mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/nitrile butadiene rubber compatibilized vulcanizates. KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 59(3).
Silva, J. B. da, Pereira, I. N. A., & Pinheiro, É. C. N. M. (2021). Análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização de resíduos de borracha de pneus em pavimentos asfálticos / Analysis of the technical feasibility of using waste tire rubber in asphalt sidewalks. Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(11), 108529–108544. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-467
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Fiore, C. A. G. (2022). Resíduo de pneus inservíveis na composição da massa asfáltica. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(10), 68538–68548. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-230
Sirqueira, A. da S., & Santos, M. C. C. (2023). Escolaridade e educação ambiental na região da extrema zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Sociedade e Tecnologia, 19, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.3895/rts.v19n55.15109
Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2002). Mercapto-modified copolymers in elastomer blends. IV. The compatibilization of natural rubber/EPDM blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 83(13). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10283
Sirqueira, A. S., & Soares, B. G. (2007). Compatibilization of natural rubber/EPDM blends by anhydride- and mercapto-functionalized copolymers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 46 B(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00222340701386569
Soares, B. G., De Oliveira, M., Meireles, D., Sirqueira, A. S., & Mauler, R. S. (2008). Dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/nitrile rubber blends: The effect of peroxide/bis-maleimide curing system and different compatibilizing systems. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 110(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.28946
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